6 elements of life: Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
Solar system > Galaxy > Universe
Our Sun is 1 star among the 200 billion in the Milky Way Galaxy.
The Milky Way is 1 of the 200 billions of galaxies in our Universe.
All the stars we see are in the Milky Way
Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky Way galaxy at about 500,000 mph.
Relative to the surrounding universe, 1.34 million mph.
Relative to the “great attractor,” 2.1 million mph.
Earth
Rotation 1,000 mph
Orbits around sun, 67,000 mph – once every 365 days
Solar system is rotating around the center of the Milky Way galaxy at 490,000 mph. Takes 250 million years for 1 orbit.
Tilt, 23 degrees
Moon
Orbits earth every 27 days – also rotates once every 27 days
The moon’s gravity causes high/low tides of earth’s oceans
Photosynthesis: the process by which plants use sunlight, water, & carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in form of sugar.
Earth’s Spheres
Atmosphere
Exosphere: space station
Thermosphere: satellites
Mesosphere: meteors
Stratosphere: weather balloons
Troposphere: airplanes
Hydrosphere, Water cycle, 97% salt water
Biosphere: Humans, fish, birds, plants, etc.
Geosphere: Earth’s core to ground; rocks & minerals
Air is 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen
All snowflakes are truly unique!
Wind, jet streams, tornadoes
Laws of Physics
Laws of Mathematics
Biology
Chemistry
Geology
Earth core is 10k degrees. Sun’s surface is 10k, Sun’s core is 27M..
It is 3,959 miles to the center of the earth
The deepest ocean is 7 miles deep
The deepest humans have dug is 8 miles deep
4 fundamental forces:
Gravitational
Electromagnetic: Magnetic field
Weak nuclear – Responsible for particle decay
Strong nuclear – Holds protons and neutrons together within the nucleus of an atom – most powerful force
118 Elements on periodic table
Plant lifecycle (seed, fruit)
Weather
Animals classifications & food chain, land & sea
Atom subparticles: 1) Protons, 2) Neutrons, & 3) Electrons
Molecule: group of two or more atoms that are held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds. Many molecules make up a cell.
Ion: an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.